Evolutionary Cooperation, Prehistoric Genocides, Ancient Myths, Self-Domestication, and Humanity Now
Our knowledge of our and other human species has expanded rapidly. The chrono-frontiers of Homo sapiens has been pushed back to at least 300,000 years ago, further back in time than the 150 ka or kyr as initially believed. At one time we coexisted with at least eight and possibly up to ten different human species up to about 10,000 years ago. There were probably more hominin species and subspecies, too, still unidentified from the fossil records. Unknown or mystery genetic markers point to the DNA ghosts of such distant and remote ancestors.
Clearly the different hominins interbred with each other, including together with and apart from Homo sapiens. How much was consensual versus coerced is unknown, but clearly we know Neanderthals, Denisovans, and what we now call Early Modern Humans (early Homo sapiens) intermixed frequently and even lived together. The different species, not counting their various hybrids, are as follows: